1) Different types of photography-Advertising Photography
-Aerial Photography
-Architectural Photography
-Astronomical Photography
-Commercial Photography
-Digital Photography
-Infrared Photography
-Macro Photography
-Night Photography, etc.
2) Equipments
-Digital/Non-Digital Camera
-Tripod
3) Aperture
-Used in digital photography, it is used for editing photos
4) Focus
(1)A point at which converging rays of light meet after being refracted or reflected. (2) Focal point of a lens. (3) The clear and sharply-defined condition of an image, as in “This image is in focus,” meaning it is sharp and well-defined. (4) Adjustment of the distance setting on a lens to obtain a sharply-defined image.
5) Shutter Speed
Controls the duration of an exposure - the faster the shutter speed, the shorter the exposure time.
The higher the ISO, the more sensitive the image sensor and therefore the possibility to take pictures in low-light situations.
7) Metering
It refers to the ligth meter built into the camera which can set the camera to automatically adjust the exposure for the amount of light present.
8) White Balance
A digital camera analyzes a scene using its white balance mode to determine areas that should be recorded as pure white. The camera adjusts the overall scene's color balance so that the areas meant to be reproduced as white in the picture will be white, thereby also adjusting all the other colors in the scene using the same color shift values.
9) Composition (Rules)
The arrangement of the elements (subject and other objects) in a scene or photograph.
I found a couple of links
-http://www.dpdigest.com/types-photography/
-http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/04/22/the-ultimate-photography-round-up/
-http://www.photoxels.com/tutorial_iso.html